Laxman Bahroo, DO

Expert neurologists review the delivery systems of various on-demand therapy formulations and comment on their advantages and disadvantages.

Laxman Bahroo, DO, and Sanjay Iyer, MD, share considerations regarding the optimization of treatment selection and the addition of on-demand therapies to manage OFF episodes in Parkinson disease.

Drs Laxman Bahroo and Sanjay Iyer assess the potential variability in levodopa absorption in the gut and its impact on OFF episodes for patients with Parkinson disease.

Expert neurologists comment on the impairment of OFF episodes on quality of life for patients and their caregivers.

Key opinion leaders in movement disorders provide insight on factors leading to OFF episodes and how to recognize and mitigate environmental triggers.

Drs Laxman Bahroo and Sanjay Iyer discuss common challenges in identifying OFF episodes in Parkinson disease, the importance of patient education, and utilizing symptom tracking diaries.

Laxman Bahroo, DO, and Sanjay Iyer, MD, define OFF episodes in Parkinson disease and review motor and nonmotor symptoms in patients.

Expert neurologists provide insight on how to decide on an on-demand therapy for Parkinson’s disease and provide some general advice.

Key opinion leaders explain the use of sublingual apomorphine and trimethobenzamide for Parkinson’s disease.

A panel of experts debate the disadvantages and side effects of apomorphine therapies for Parkinson’s disease.

A discussion on the use of apomorphine subcutaneous injections in managing Parkinson’s disease.

Neurologists debate the use of levodopa inhalation powder in managing Parkinson’s disease.

Physicians discuss when to add on-demand therapies to Parkinson’s disease management.

Key opinion leaders explain the important attributes to consider when choosing an on-demand therapy.

Experts debate the challenges of carbidopa/levodopa, and the relation between levodopa and the gut.

Panelists describe the motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, linking symptoms to OFF episodes, and how to educate patients.

A discussion on how patients are evaluated for OFF episodes, by expert neurologists.

Physicians explain expected versus unexpected OFF episodes and the use of symptom diaries in managing Parkinson’s disease.

Key opinion leaders provide insight on how OFF episodes affect patients’ quality of life.

Expert neurologists discuss why OFF episodes happen and how soon they occur after starting levodopa.

Panelists have a conversation on the definition of OFF episodes in relation to Parkinson’s disease and how common OFF episodes are for patients.

Tardive dyskinesia can present many challenges in its treatment and can be difficult to differentiate from similar disorders.

Mindy K. Bixby, DO and Laxman Bahroo, DO give key advice to community neurologists and emphasize the importance of effective communication between patients and providers.

Key opinion leaders in Parkinson’s Disease discuss the importance of improving quality of life and access to care when managing OFF episodes for patients during COVID-19.

Leaders in neurology discuss the development of infusion formulations of apomorphine and levodopa/carbidopa as well as oral agents with novel mechanisms of extended-release delivery.

Laxman Bahroo, DO and Mindy K. Bixby, DO provide insight into factors to consider for patients with challenging off time including surgical and device-assisted therapeutic options.

Expert neurologists consider the advantages and disadvantages of oral agents for OFF time in Parkinson’s Disease such as opicapone, extended-release amantadine, and istradefylline.

Experts in Parkinson’s Disease build a discussion on the use of levodopa inhalation powder for the management of OFF time and reflect on patients’ considerations when switching therapies.

Mindy K. Bixby, DO and Laxman Bahroo, DO compare subcutaneous and sublingual apomorphine hydrochloride and discuss important factors to consider when selecting a formulation.

Experts in the management of Parkinson’s Disease OFF episodes provide insight into the sublingual formulation of apomorphine hydrochloride and discuss differences in its safety and efficacy profiles.